Tag Archives: Holt International

Deported Adoptee Adam Crapser Has Strong Words for South Korean Government, Holt Adoption Agency

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Though many international adoptees have been deported, Adam Crapser may be the best known, due to press coverage and to his lawsuit against South Korea and Holt.

According to an Associated Press article, yesterday Adam “delivered a scathing denunciation of the Korean government and his adoption agency in a Seoul appeals court,” Now 49 years old, Adam was adopted in 1979, and deported back to South Korea in 2016. In 2019, he filed a lawsuit in Korean courts. He “accuses Holt and the Korean government of ‘malfeasance’ that contributed to his traumatic adoption experience in the U.S. He says he was abused and abandoned by two different pairs of adoptive parents who never filed his citizenship papers.”

Lawsuits can take many years to work their way through the system. The South Korean court ruled on Adam’s case in 2023; there are still additional matters pending. Per the AP article: “Crapser’s lawyer, Mina Kim, said her client was seeking 200 million won ($144,700) in damages and urged the court to see how the Korean government and Holt were supposedly liable for ‘their role in this illegal adoption, which was similar to human trafficking.’

The Seoul High Court will decide on the case on Jan. 8.

Crapser’s lawsuit accuses Holt of manipulating his paperwork to disguise him as an orphan despite the existence of a known birth mother, exposing him to abusive adopters by botching background checks and not following up.”

I’ve written for over 10 years about the unethical and tragic reality that the United States deports international adoptees who came here as children with the oversight of the both the U.S. and sending country. If for whatever reasons the children’s parents did not get their adopted children citizenship, the children, when they become adults, are subject to deportation if they commit a crime. The crimes can range from selling marijuana in the case of Joao Herbert, who was deported back to Brazil and murdered there in 2004, when he was 26 years old. He had been adopted when he was 8. Adam Crapser’s crimes were more serious. His childhood was more fraught as well, including multiple placements and the conviction of his adoptive parents for sexual abuse.

Since at least 2016, there has been legislation in the U.S. Congress to grant citizenship to all adoptees. It has still not passed, despite the efforts of organizations such as Adoptees For Justice and others.

Via Adoptees for Justice: “There are 18,603 Korean American adoptees alone who do not have American citizenship, according to the Korean Health Ministry.”

Further, “There are cases of individuals without citizenship who were adopted from 28 countries including Argentina, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Haiti, India, Ireland, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Spain, South Korea, St. Kitts, Taiwan, Ukraine, Venezuela and Vietnam.”

I also know of at least one deported adoptee in Morocco.

Being deported is a traumatic, lonely event. Often the adoptees don’t speak the language, don’t have any family or friends in their country of origin, and have tremendous struggles to make even a poverty-level living.

You can help by supporting the Congressional legislation, by sharing information about deported adoptees, and by donating to a Mutual Aid Fund set up by Adoptees for Justice.

Also, please support the work of the Adoptees United and their Citizenship Clinic.
They provide free and low cost services for intercountry adopted people who have US citizenship issues or questions. “The clinic’s services include legal screenings, consultation and advice about legal options, and legal representation to secure a Certificate of Citizenship.”

All of us in the international adoption community, and especially we adoptive parents, should step up to help all intercountry adoptees get citizenship, and to bring home those who have been deported,



Adoptee Responses and Events Around China’s Decision to End International Adoption

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China recently announced an end to the placement of its children for international adoption, after some 30 years of doing so. There have been a wide variety of responses about the decision. As you look for more information, be sure to look first for the voices of the experts: Chinese adoptees.

As is often the case, media information about adoption often promotes the voices of adoptive parents and adoption agencies first, and sometimes exclusively. Adult adoptees are often invisible in media stories about adoption; this needs to change.

There are plenty of adult adoptees available to share their insights, experiences, and expertise. We adoptive parents and others in the adoption community need to promote their voices whenever possible, including in the media.

The Nanchang Project, among the very first to share news of China’s decision, is “the only search organization focused on reconnecting international Chinese adoptees with their birth families that is also co-led by both adoptees and adoptive parents.” They are moving, as is true for similar organizations, to being entirely adoptee-led.

From their recent blog post “End of an Era: China’s International Adoption Program”: “This sudden announcement prompted a range of emotions rippling through our community of Chinese adoptees, adoptive families, and prospective adoptive parents. At Nanchang Project, it is our profound hope that the remaining children in China receive the attention, medical care, and love they deserve. As for our fellow adoptees interested in their origins, we do not know how or if this will impact orphanage visits or appointments to check original adoption files.”

The blog post includes comments by some 30 Chinese adoptees in reaction to China’s decision. They express a wide variety of perspectives, a wide range of emotions.

Navigating_Adoption is the site of two Chinese adoptees, sharing stories and providing advocacy and awareness. From their Instagram post: “We want to continue to take time and space for those who are grieving and processing everything. We understand that people have different emotions about this, and it’s okay. We are here for our Chinese Adoptee community and our adoption community.”

On September 17, Navigating_Adoption is hosting “an adoptee-led, adoptee-only discussion on China’s recent end to International Adoption. This event is open to all adoptees, not just those of Chinese descent. We ask that adoptive parents do not attend this event so that we may create a safe space for adoptees to talk about their emotions during this time.”

WHEN: Tuesday, September 17, 2024 at 6:30 pm EST
WHERE: This discussion group will take place on Zoom
HOW: You can register for this event via their Instagram page.

Asian Adoptees of Canada posted this on their Instagram page: “In light of the recent news of China ending its international adoption program, Asian Adoptees of Canada would like to hold space for adult adoptees of any background to be in community during this time. We invite you to join our upcoming Open Dialogue event to connect, share, and/or listen,” on September 19.

*Event Details*
Date: Thursday, September 19, 2024
Time: 4:00 pm PST / 5:00 pm MST / 7:00 pm EST
Location: Zoom Meeting
Attendees: Adult adoptees of any background 
To RSVP, email: president@asianadoptees.ca
Deadline to RSVP: Wednesday, September 18, 2024″

Patrick Armstrong, @PatrickintheWorld, is a Korean adoptee, podcaster, and speaker who posted on Instagram about China’s closing here. Listen to his thoughts, and be sure to read the comments, many from Chinese adoptees.

Patrick’s post included this helpful list:

“Here are some Chinese adoptees, orgs, and others that I’ve learned a lot from 🫶🏼

@nanchangproject
@chineseadopteealliance
@adopteesborninchinapodcast
@redthreadbroken
@lindsgeier
@adopteelilly
@kiraomans
@endlesswanderer
@lee_uhh
@adopteesofchina
@cosetteeisenhauer“

While I haven’t seen anything from her yet about China’s closing, Grace Newton, MSW, a Chinese adoptee and Ph.D. student, writes a highly regarded blog called Red Thread Broken. She was recently featured on the wonderful podcast AdopteesOn.

China’s Children International “empowers Chinese adoptees from all over the world by providing an inclusive and supportive community for all of us who share this common beginning.” They have an Instagram post titled “The End of Intercountry Adoption from China.”

Grace Yung Foster, a Korean adoptee and founder of the Inclusion Initiative, notes that “transnational/intercountry adoption is more complicated than it appears at face value. And regardless of China’s economic motives, it’s important to look at how transnational adoption impacts the people at the very center of it, the Adoptees.” See the rest of her post here: “An (Adoptee’s) Perspective on China’s Newest Adoption Policy.“

If you’re not following the Harlow’s Monkey, you should. JaeRan Kim, Ph.D., an associate professor at University of Washington-Tacoma and a Korean adoptee, began writing the blog in 2006. Her most recent post is “Reflection—it’s the end of the (transnational adoption) world as we know it.” In the post, JaeRan discusses both China’s decision to end intercountry adoptions and South Korea’s repot from their Truth and Reconciliation Commission about corruption in the Korean adoption system.

CCAI, an adoption agency founded by two Chinese immigrants, Joshua Zhong and Lily Nie, has placed over 13,000 Chinese children in adoptive homes. It is the largest adoption agency placing Chinese children, though it now has programs in other countries as well. Several dozen families have received invitations to travel to China to meet the child with whom they’ve been matched, though it looks like those meetings will not happen. CCAI and the National Council for Adoption are urging Congress to have the State Department get clarification on waiting/matched families to adopt from China. Read CCAI’s blog post here.

Holt International, an Oregon-based adoption agency, has placed some 7,700 Chinese children with U.S. families. In their announcement about China’s closing, they offer support services to adoptees and families.

Many adoption agencies have posted about China’s announcement. The ones I have seen are largely about families who had been waiting to adopt children from China, some for years. If you read those articles, you’ll note that there are frequently no adult adoptees included to provide their perspectives, This New York Times article, for example, about the impact of the closing, included no Chinese adoptees. It did include Chinese academics, a Korean-Danish adoptee, and prospective American adoptive parents.

The reactions to China’s closing are many and multi-faceted, including among adoptees. That range of reactions shows the complexity of adoption itself. May we continue to hear the voices of adopted people.

Holt Children’s Services and Adam Crapser to Appeal South Korean Court Decision on Adoption

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On May 16, 2023, a South Korean court announced its decision on South Korean adoptee Adam Crapser’s lawsuit against both Holt Children’s Services and the government of South Korea. According to an AP article, “A South Korean court on Tuesday ordered the country’s biggest adoption agency to pay 100 million won ($74,700) in damages to a 48-year-old man for mishandling his adoption as a child to the United States, where he faced legal troubles after surviving an abusive childhood before being deported in 2016.

However, the Seoul Central District Court dismissed Adam Crapser’s accusations against the South Korean government, which he saw as responsible for creating an aggressive, profit-driven adoption industry that carelessly removed thousands of children from their families during a child export frenzy in the 1970s and ’80s.”

Last week, Holt Children’s Services announced it is appealing the court’s decision. According to the Korea Times, “the main point of dispute is at what point an adoption agency’s duties as a guardian ends and argued that in Crapser’s case, Holt’s guardianship came to an end upon his arrival in the U.S.” Holt is also arguing that “the special adoption law requiring the verification of an adoptee’s citizenship acquisition and other protections, introduced in 2012, does not apply to Crapser’s case.”

Adam Crapser is also appealing “the court ruling that did not recognize the government’s liability in his troubled adoption.”

Judgement on Adam Crapser’s Suit Against Holt and South Korea Could Be Announced Tuesday

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On Tuesday May 16, a South Korean court is expected to rule on adoptee Adam Crapser’s suit against the adoption agency Holt International and the government of the Republic of Korea.

From my 2022 blog post Adam Crapser vs. Republic of Korea and Holt International: “Obvious international human rights violations:

“In January 2019, Korean adoptee Adam Crapser filed a petition against the Korean government and Holt Children’s Services Inc. for allegedly violating his rights during his adoption process. ‘Although the plaintiff’s story garnered worldwide media attention, his lawsuit represents a historic legal first..this petition is the first and only attempt by an inter-country adoptee to hold the Korean government accountable for failing to uphold its duty in such an adoption.'” 

Lee Kyeung-eun, the director of Human Rights Beyond Borders), wrote in The Korea Times article “Adam Crapser vs. The Republic of Korea,” that “This petition filed by Shin Song-hyuk (better known as Adam Crapser) is the first and only attempt by an inter-country adoptee to hold the Korean government accountable for failing to uphold its duty in such an adoption.”

Kyeung-eun cites several “Alleged illegal acts of Republic of Korea” as well as “Alleged illegal acts of Holt Children’s Services Inc,” and argues that “The plaintiff (Crapser) has suffered the following rights violations: the right to know and preserve his true identity due to the fraudulent falsification of his orphan registration (a birth registration reserved for children without their parents’ information); damages from physical, mental and emotional abuse inflicted in the course of the adoption, the dissolution of the adoption and the consequential multiple moves to other homes and the effects of those events; violation of the right to acquire and have the nationality of his adoptive country; violation of personality rights and the right to pursue happiness due to deportation.”

After being brought to the United States for adoption at 3 years old, Crapser was horribly abused and abandoned by two adoptive families. He got into legal trouble, and faced deportation because he could not prove his US citizenship.

Ultimately Adam was deported by the Unites States back to South Korea in 2016, leaving behind a wife and 3 daughters. He is not the only deported international adoptee: According to the New York Times, “Deportation a Death Sentence to Adoptees After a Lifetime in the United States.”

I wrote about Adam’s deportation for Slate. I’ve been writing about the tragedy of adoptee deportation for years. While Crapser is not the only internationally adopted deportee, he is the first to sue both his adoption agency and the government of his country of origin. Many governments and adoption agencies are likely watching this case closely.

I will post more when we hear about the court’s decision. May there be justice for adoptees.

Korean Adoptee Wins Right in Korean Court to Meet Her Korean Father, And Be Registered on Family Registry

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This is a breakthrough ruling for Korean adoptees. A Korean court June 12 ruled in favor of adoptee Kang Mee-sook, adoptive name Kara Bos, who was raised in the U.S. She now has the legal right to meet her Korean father, and be listed on his family registry. She had originally searched for her mother to no avail, and then found through DNA that she had a 99.99 biological connection to a Korean man named Kang. He and his family, however, refused to meet with her, and so she took action through the Korean courts. 

This ruling means that she can be registered on her father’s Korean family registry as “a person acknowledged,” which is a significant part of the Korean family law system. She was born out of wedlock, and still hopes to meet her mother. She will meet her father on Monday in Korea.

As an adoptive parent, I have long held that adoptees should have the right to their own identity as a civil and human right. This is an enormous groundbreaking ruling for Korean adoptees, who make up the largest segment of international adoptees, and could set a precedent of sorts for other international adoptees seeking access to their identity and information. I wish Kang Mee-sook/Kara Bos all the best.

I had previously written about the case here.

You can read an English version of the story from a Korean newspaper here.

Here is a link to a New York Times story about the case.

This is a landmark case for international adoption adoptee rights and could perhaps have ramifications for other adoptees searching for their truths.

First Hearing Held on Adoptee Adam Crapser’s Lawsuit Against Holt, Korean Government

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This is a very significant event: the first hearing in a court case brought by an international adoptee against an adoption agency and the country in which he was born. Adam Crapser, adopted from South Korea and deported back as an adult, has filed a suit against Holt Children’s Services and against the Korean government, arguing that both committed “gross negligence.”

The Korea Herald today posted “First Hearing in Holt Lawsuit by Korean adoptee deported from US highlights fight for transparency, adoptee rights.”

I’m disappointed to read that, at the hearing, Holt’s lawyer said that “the statute of limitations on Crapser’s adoption had passed, regardless of Holt’s responsibility.” 

That could prove to be accurate legally. Morally and ethically, though, I hope that Holt and all adoption agencies don’t just shrug their shoulders about responsibilities towards the children brought to the U.S. or elsewhere. 

Adam Crapser was abused horribly, sexually, physically, and emotionally, growing up in the family Holt placed him with. Surely there is some ethical obligation by adoption agencies, which received fees for salaries, travel, overhead, documents, and more, toward the ongoing outcomes of the children they placed for adoption. The children grow up. It is unjust and immoral for agencies not to acknowledge the role they had for the children they accepted into their care and whose adoptive parents they vetted. Agencies cannot accept the gratitude and donations of adoptive parents without also serving the needs of the adoptees whose lives were not better as a result of adoption, but were filled with abuse and neglect.

One aspect of how Adam was failed, and this pertains to thousands of other international adoptees, is that none of his various adoptive/foster parents got citizenship for him. It is an outrage that our U.S. Congress has still not passed legislation for all international adoptees, though there has been significant progress due to the efforts of Adoptees For Justice, Adoptee Rights Campaign, and others. Please take a look at their websites, gather information, and join the effort to pass legislation granting citizenship to all international adoptees.

Photo of Korean adoptees with signs written in Korean to support Adam Crapser's lawsuit against Holt and Korea.
Photo ©: Korea Herald

We in the adoption community are at an eye-opening time: finally, more adoptees’ voices are being heard and listened to (though we still need to do much better), and the traditional narrative of adoption as win-win-win is being both questioned and exposed as far more nuanced and complex than its Hallmark card reputation. We need to hear from so many more voices.

This lawsuit, regardless of its outcome, is a bellwether for the work that needs to be done in Adoption Land. People around the globe, including adult adoptees, the U.S. State Department, embassies, adoption agencies, and governments in sending and receiving countries (the U.S. both sends children outside the U.S. for international adoption and receives them for the same) are watching this case carefully.

Phillip Clay’s Funeral: Grieving for Him and For So Many

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I never knew Phillip Clay, a Korean adoptee. I had never heard of him until reading about his suicide. I now wonder if his legacy, rooted in sorrow and tragedy, will be to awaken our own U.S. government to the travesty that is the denial of citizenship to all international adoptees.

The Korean television channel MBC (Munhwa Broadcasting Company) aired footage from Phillip’s funeral. If this doesn’t break your heart, I am not sure what would. You will see other Korean adoptees, including Adam Crapser, who speaks eloquently about Phillip’s life and death. The video from the funeral is available here. My heart aches for Phillip and those who loved him. May he rest in peace and in power. 

Phillip Clay’s Funeral

What a price Phillip paid for having been adopted from Korea to the United States, an action that is supposed to be one of joy and a better life. Our American government deported him, because it does not automatically provide citizenship to adoptees who were under 18 as of 2001 (the year the Child Citizenship Act took effect), and whose parents failed to get citizenship for them.

Adam Crapser, one of many adoptees at Phillip Clay’s Funeral Service

Our American government, which approved Phillip’s adoption from Korea, which had all paperwork from the adoption agency Holt International and from his American adoptive parents, still  stands by and lets other adoptees be deported. Understand that those who were deported committed crimes for which they served time in U.S. jails.

 

Then, having been fully and legally adopted by U.S. citizens, they were deported, because they did not have U.S. citizenship, through no fault of their own.

Outrageous on every level. Unethical, irresponsible, and cruel.

I can only imagine that the countries of origin think about this. The U.S. has deported international adoptees not only to Korea, but to Brazil, German, India, Mexico, and many others. What kind of country sends back internationally adopted people to a country where they don’t speak the language, have no family and no connections, and can never return to the U.S.?

Here’s a thought for sending countries (as well as adoption agencies, nonprofits, government officials, and prospective adoptive parents–all those who are concerned about the decline in numbers of internationally adopted children): How about demanding that the U.S. government provide retroactive citizenship to all international adoptees before any other children are brought to the U.S. for adoption?

Many adoptees are angry with Holt, which I have been told had legal guardianship of Phillip. That is an arrangement I have never heard of, though it could well be accurate. In any case, there is increasing anger and action against Holt and other adoption agencies, which could be seen as complicit in the deportation of adoptees. The agencies may or may not have been adamant in insisting that parents get citizenship for their children. Adoptive parents must be held accountable for failing to get citizenship for their adopted children, whether through ignorance, neglect, or willful and cruel refusal.

For years, the U.S. Congress has been sitting on legislation to provide retroactive citizenship for all international adoptees. Will they shake their heads, saying, “Yes, it’s sad, but we can’t do anything,” or will they say that adoptive families are legal and genuine families who deserve the same protections as other families?

Will it take more deaths to provoke action that grants citizenship to all adoptees?

Phillip Clay’s Funeral Service

 

More information about adoptee citizenship issues is available at Adoptee Rights Campaign.

I want to acknowledge Dear Adoption for sharing the video of Phillip’s funeral. I highly recommend Dear Adoption as a site for anyone open to learning about adoption from the perspective of adopted people. Brilliant, powerful essays available there.